April 9, 2026
Sic Semper Tyrannis: Virginia’s Anti-Tyranny Roots
On March 31, U.S. Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) visited Hampden-Sydney to deliver the Ron L. Heinemann Lecture in the History of the American South. This year’s lecture highlighted the College’s 250th anniversary celebration, which coincides with the 250th birthday of the United States.
Named after the late Hampden-Sydney Squire Professor Emeritus of History, Ronald Heinemann, the lecture series is one of Hampden-Sydney’s most distinguished academic traditions, bringing prominent leaders, scholars, and public figures to engage both the College community and the general public on issues of national and global importance. Senator Kaine’s visit underscored Hampden-Sydney’s continued commitment to fostering meaningful dialogue and intellectual exchange.
Senator Kaine is a seasoned public servant who served as Virginia’s 70th governor from 2006 to 2010. A Richmond resident, Kaine is a graduate of the University of Missouri and Harvard Law School. His career in public service spans decades, including roles as a civil rights lawyer, a Richmond City Council member, mayor of Richmond, and the lieutenant governor of Virginia. Since his election to the U.S. Senate in 2012, Kaine has focused his legislative agenda on job creation, healthcare, military and veterans affairs, and civil rights.
Kaine’s lecture centered on Virginia’s state motto: Sic Semper Tyrannis, which is Latin for “Thus be it Always to Tyrants.” He discussed in detail the origin of the phrase and its connection to one of the nation’s founders, George Wythe, who went to great lengths to participate in designing the state flag and to include the motto on it, where it remains today.
Kaine drew parallels between the current state of U.S. governance and the historical maltreatment of people under colonial rule, which led to the country’s declaration of independence in 1776—framing the struggle against tyranny not as a relic of 1776, but as a modern imperative that defines civic virtue.
Lauding Wythe’s foresight to not only address the affairs of his day but also frame the motto in future terms, the former governor described tyranny as “an ever-present danger” that must be constantly guarded against. “The spirit of tyranny is not eradicated from our globe or from our nation,” he noted, highlighting his time spent as a missionary in Honduras in the 1980s under a military dictatorship as a lesson of caution.
Kaine decried tyrants as appearing from the left or right of the political spectrum, as members of dynasties and personality cult leaders, among other forms, particularly calling out Vladimir Putin for his invasion of Ukraine.
He also invoked the College’s namesakes, John Hampden and Algernon Sidney, as significant influences on the founding of the nation, in addition to the College, for their notable opposition to tyranny in their time. “These two individuals, who never set foot in the United States, became martyrs for representative democracy,” he said; “with Hampden killed while fighting for the parliamentarians against the royalists in the first English Civil War, and Sidney being beheaded by order of King Charles II for writings about the rights of individuals to resist tyrannical rule.”
“At Hampden-Sydney, we rightly promote a culture of civil discourse and engaging ideas that may not be our own,” says Elliott Professor of History Caroline Emmons, who is an organizer for the Heinemann lecture series. “You cannot practice civil discourse in a vacuum where you’re not confronted with ideas you don’t agree with. It is incumbent upon us as an institution to bring in a range of viewpoints and perspectives because that’s how we develop the skills for constructive exchange of ideas.”
Hampden-Sydney’s 250th anniversary theme emphasizes the College’s history and tradition of civil discourse. Kaine’s message, highlighting the importance of holding leadership accountable through constructive dialogue and civic engagement, aligns with that theme.